Invasive alien species (IAS) are a global issue that requires international cooperation and actions. A series of tools and strategies are available to address the problem.

When addressing IAS, due consideration must be given to the fact that ecosystems are dynamic over time and so the natural distribution of species might vary without involvement of a human agent. Given the unpredictability of the pathways and impacts on biological diversity of IAS, efforts to identify and prevent unintentional introductions as well as decisions concerning intentional introductions should be based on the precautionary approach, that is set forth in principle 15 of the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and in the preamble of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The precautionary approach should also be applied when considering eradication, containment and control measures in relation to alien species that have become established. Lack of scientific certainty about the various implications of an invasion should not be used as a reason for postponing or failing to take appropriate eradication, containment and control measures.

Prevention aimed to reduce the introduction and spread of IAS to a specific region should be a priority, as it is the most cost-effective and environmentally desirable strategy. This approach includes identifying the role that States play in recognizing risky activities, appropriate research and monitoring, to establish adequate baselines and early detection measures, establishing border control and quarantine measures to reduce intentional and unintentional introductions, develop rapid response protocols and exchange information among different sectors and between States among others. Once a population is established, mitigation of impacts is required, this includes eradication, containment or control as appropriate. Additionally, education and public awareness as well as cooperation and capacity building are required to ensure the success of any action taken.