The programme of work on the biological diversity of inland waters is designed to address threats through a series of broad-based policies (programme elements) backed by specific actions.

The presence of inland waters in all other biomes requires coherence and cross-referencing to all other programmes of work. Inland waters are influenced by most land based activities and carry pollutants, excessive nutrients and silt and other impacts to the oceans through estuaries and coastal zones. Inland waters reflect problems in other terrestrial biomes and are often the main medium through which terrestrial biomes interact. The inland waters and the ecosystem approach are therefore intricately linked.

The CBD works largely with partners in the implementation of the programme of work.